Communal Conflict in Tiv Land Strategy for Resolution

ABSTRACT In the last few decades Nigeria has experienced violent conflicts and antagonism rooted in religion, ethnicity, and economics. communal conflicts in Tiv land area of the Middle Belt region of Nigeria are not an exception. This paper (1) examines the causes of communal conflict in Tivland (2),challenges,as well as the(3) strategies of resolving and managing conflicts in Tivland and society in general. Introduction The African continent has been, and continues to be engulfed in one conflict after another. Over the last 40 years, nearly 20 African countries, or about 40% of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), have experienced at least one period of civil war (Elbadawi amp; Sambanis, 2000). They further estimate that 20% of SSAs†¦show more content†¦The Tiv people The name Tiv according to Makar, (1994) has a dual meaning. Tiv is a cultural group of a people,who by 1963 census numbered one and half million. Tiv is also a name of the father of all Tiv people. The Tiv people are said to have migrated from central Africa to where they are now found in what is generally described as the Middle Belt of Nigeria, but specifically some 150 miles east of the confluence of River Benue with River Niger. They settled on both sides of the River Benue, also known as the Upper and the Lower Benue River Valley. Other accounts trace Tiv origin to the Bantu tribe (Bohannan amp; Bohannan, 1953). The Tiv are mainly subsistence farmers, dispersed in seven states of Federal Republic of Nigeria-Benue, Taraba, Nassarawa, Plateau, Niger, Kogi, and Kaduna States. The Tiv can also be found in the Republic of Cameroon, Nigeria’s neighbor to the east. The population of the Tiv people, according to census figure 2006, is 3,687,000and continues to grow. (Ethnologu e 2010). Thoerical Framework Marxist Theory The Marxist theory has its roots from the works of Karl Mark and his friend Frederick Engels. The starting point for their analysis of the society is determined mainly by social production. i.e what is produced, how it is produced and how the product is shared. The theory therefore insists that society is composed of contradictions and

Database Administrators - 1638 Words

1 Introduction Database is any collection of data or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing operations. A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many†¦show more content†¦Recoverability is the DBA#8217;s most important concern. Recoverability, also sometimes called disaster recovery, takes two primary forms. First the backup, then recovery tests. The backup of the database consists of data with timestamps combined with database logs to change the data to be consistent to a particular moment in time. It is possible to make a backup of the database containing only data without timestamps or logs, but the DBA must take the database offline to do such a backup. The recovery tests of the database consist of restoring the data, then applying logs against that data to bring the database backup to consistency at a particular point in time up to the last transaction in the logs. Alternatively, an offline database backup can be restored simply by placing the data in-place on another copy of the database. If a DBA (or any administrator) attempts to implement a recoverability plan without the recovery tests, there is no guarantee that the backups are at all valid. In practice, in all but the most mature RDBMS packages, backups rarely are valid without extensive testing to be sure that no bugs or human error have corrupted the backups. 2.5 Integrity Integrity means that the database, or the programs that create its content, embodyShow MoreRelatedEssay The Role of Database Administrator1418 Words   |  6 Pagestake the head of a database administrator of an IT department whether the size of the company is small or enormous. In larger organizations, there will most likely be an information technology group that contains the management information system department and data processing group. They are responsible not only for ensuring that the computers are available but also having reliable data on the computer and making sure the company has what it needs to meet its obligation. 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One Technique is one job competency, which is the objective of learning. o Learning Activities: These Activities can be learning activities identified for achieving a particular job Technique during a job form creationRead MoreThe System Administrator Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe System Administrator The System Administrator (SA) is responsible for the effective provisioning, installation/configuration, operation, and maintenance of systems hardware and software and related infrastructure. Typically assigned to team, the system administrator is a qualified subjectRead MoreNetwork Administrator1165 Words   |  5 PagesI have decided to pursue the career of a network system administrator or IT professional. Over the last ten years or so computers have become fundamental parts of everyday life, used for a variety of reasons at home, in the workplace, and at schools. Of course every computer user runs into obstacles from time to time, whether it is the blue screen of death, the forgotten password, or the loss of important data. The explosive use of computers has created a high demand for specialists to provide adviceRead MoreDeveloping A Smart Order Online System3871 Words   |  16 Pagesand much more in a simple and easy to use environment. SOOS allows administrators to make changes to product descriptions, product pricing, product categorizing, and any other details regarding any product that are displayed online. This complete control over inventory is reflected immediately to the storefront. Also, SOOS gives administrators the necessary tools to manage customers efficiently and effectively. Administrator can access customer information such as username, contact info, shipping

Federalism in Canada for National Unity-myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. On Balance, Does Canada Benefit from Being a Federation with Power Divided Between Federal and Provincial Levels of Government? 2. How Does Federalism Effectively Represent Regional, Linguistic and Other Divisions in the Society? Answers: 1. A federal government is a structureseparating up power between a central national and local state government that are linked together by the national government. Jurisdictions of control are divided, where some are controlled and managed by each level of government. Federal government systems are governed by charters that specifies what parts of public will be under the jurisdiction of central government and the areas that state governments command as pointed out by Smith (2014). The principle of federalism is central to the organization of the Canadian government. Under federalism, Canada as a nation is categorized into two constitutionally independent levels of government; federal and the local governments respectively. Does Canada benefit from this division on balance? This separation of government plays an integral responsibility in public policy and finance as well. Why does federalism exist? There are several reasons why federalism in Canada is preferable. First and foremost, it is important to note that federalism operates as an extra check on the government authority. In unitary countries or states, legislative supremacy is often extremely based within a solitaryrank of government (Rodden, 2007). In comparison, power may be distributed amongst various echelons of government as opposed to a situation where individual political influential or leaders control the power and trend of government. This in turns makes it easier for the citizens to access fundamental services without necessarily moving to a centralized and crowded place. In this regard, federalism brings services closer to the people and also inclusivity through the division of powers at each level of government. 2. Federalism lies at the heart of Canadians political life. Collectively with parliamentary, conscientious government and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, it is one of the foundations which the constitution of Canadian rests (Canada, 1998). Federalism in Canada is closely connected with; The practice of democracy, The accommodation and recognition of linguistic, cultural and regional differences, The development and implementation of public policy. Federalism division has protected confined or local interests to a great degree. It links the people with government where a group of people of race or ethnicity can communicate directly to the government using various means. According to Dyck (2017), the government or the authority is more likely to react to a demand that comes from a group than that comes from an individual. These groups are known as advocacy teams or at times they are called social movements. Canada has states that are very outsized and have extremely diverse residents. In most cases, local groups in one fraction of the nation have often had a different political desires and opinions than other locations since the said regions are dominated by a section or a certain ethnic, spiritual, or linguistic grouping which is considered as marginal within the larger population. In this situation, the Canadian government has always listened to such groups considered as the minority (Stevenson, 2009). For instance, during National Housing Survey program, the Canadian government has always assisted non-residents whose first language is neither English nor French by translating the questions into 31 languages, an indication that federalism has effectively represented regional, linguistic and other divisions in the society. In conclusion, the division of power or federalism has a played a role in shaping political outcomes in Canada. The executive dominance in Canadian governments has resulted to their capability to approve and implement various contentious redistributive policies, for example, the national health insurance program (Dyck, 2014). References Smith, J. (2014). Federalism. Vancouver: UBC Press. Rodden, J. A. (2007). Hamilton's paradox: The promise and peril of fiscal federalism. New York: Cambridge University Press. Canada. (1998). Official report of debates, House of Commons: Reformatted from the original and including, Official debates of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada. Ottawa: C.W. Mitchell, "Free Press" Office. Stevenson, G. (2009). Unfulfilled union: Canadian federalism and national unity. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. Dyck, R., Cochrane, C., Dyck, R. (2017). Canadian politics: Critical approaches.

The Darkling Thrush Essay Example

The Darkling Thrush Paper In the poem The Darkling Thrush, nature has a predominantly negative effect on the poet. It makes him feel depressed and isolated. Towards the end of the poem the poets mood lifts when he sees an aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, chirping. In the poem Neutral Tones nature is portrayed in a negative way, however, in this poem nature reflects how the poets relationship is failing rather than effects how he is feeling. In The Darkling Thrush the title begins to paint a negative picture. The word Darkling means, shrouded in darkness. Neutral Tones also refers to colour in its title. The word Neutral implies blandness and colourless emotions. There is a link between the two poems as both colours are unappealing and are surrounded by a dull negative aura. Throughout the poem The Darkling Thrush there is a sense of emptiness, desolation and loneliness, this also applies to Neutral Tones. The poet uses lots of effective language to convey this. In stanza one, Hardy talks about how all mankind that haunted nigh / Had sought their household fires. This enhances the contrast between the barren outdoors and the warm and inviting households. This also emphasises his loneliness and isolation compared to the rest of mankind. The land is portrayed as barren when the poet mentions The tangled bine stems scored the sky like strings of broken lyres, The stems of climbing plants remind the poet of strings of an old musical instrument. The fact that the poet mentions that the lyres are broken, implies that there is no sound therefore the land is empty and desolate. We will write a custom essay sample on The Darkling Thrush specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Darkling Thrush specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Darkling Thrush specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This effective metaphor paints a picture of how the poet is feeling. The poet uses pathetic fallacy to match the barren landscape to how the poet feels. The wind his death lament encourages the reader to picture an empty landscape where only the sound of the wind is to be heard, whistling a funeral song in mourning of the death of nature. The poet uses a lot of language associated with death to convey how his positive emotions and feelings have died. Hardy uses an effective extended metaphor using the theme of death to convey how his hope has died: The ancient pulse of germ and birth Was shrunken hard and dry, And every spirit upon the earth Seemed fervourless as I. This metaphor also adds to the desolation of the area, the word pulse refers to life which in this case is no where to be seen, the land is dead. Hardy uses some examples of religious language. He compares the landscape to religious things to convey his search for faith. He uses the word soul and evensong and carolling to describe different aspects of the surroundings. Towards the end of the poem it becomes apparent that the poets mood has lifted. The religious language enhances the fact that the poets mood has lifted and adds a hopeful note. Words such as joy and ecstatic add a hopeful note. In stanza one frost has a capital F and in stanza five Hope has a capital H this draws the readers attention to the poets change of mood. In the poem Neutral Tones nature reflects how the poet is feeling. The poet describes how the sun was white, as though chidden of God, this portrays the sun to be weak, in the poem The Darkling Thrush we also see a weak sun it is metaphorically called, The weakening eye of day. This shows how Hardys relationship with his partner like the sun, is weak and failing. Like the poem The Darkling Thrush, Neutral Tones also has language associated with death to convey the fact that his relationship is dying. The word ash depicts how his relationship is metaphorically going to burn out. The ominous bird portrays how the relationship was doomed from the start and was surrounded by a bad omen. This is a contrast to The Darkling Thrush as the little bird in it brings joy to the poet. In the poem Neutral Tones there are several colours used throughout the poem, in relation to the landscape, such as ash, gray and white, all of which are dull and bland depicting how the poet feels about his relationship. In Neutral Tones the pond represents how the relationship is still, without ripples and nothing flowing. The starving sod, which is emphasised through alliteration, portrays how the relationship is slowly dying, has no nourishment and is no longer fruitful. To conclude, the bird in both poems is of great significance. The bird in The Darkling Thrush although so old and frail has some underlying blessed Hope, which the poet doesnt have, yet longs for. The poet conveys that a spiritual force is behind the birds carolling: So little cause for carollings Of such ecstatic sound Was written on terrestrial things Afar or nigh around, The birds beautiful singing contrasts with its bleak surroundings. The bird in Neutral Tones is an ominous bird. Therefore, this bird is a contrast to the thrush. Through use of effective language the poet has conveyed in both poems how nature can both reflect and affect someones feelings.

Exercise for Homework Time Management

Exercise for Homework Time Management Do you find yourself rushing to complete your homework assignment at the last moment? Are you always starting your homework when youre supposed to be going to bed? The root of this common problem may be time management. This easy exercise will help you identify the tasks or habits that take time away from your studies and help you develop more healthy homework habits. Keeping Track of Your Time The first goal of this exercise is to get you to think about how you spend your time. For instance, how much time do you think you spend on the phone per week? The truth may surprise you. First, make a list of common time-consuming activities: Talking on the phoneEatingNappingListening to musicLoungingWatching TVPlaying games/surfing webSpending time with familyHomework Next, jot down an estimated time for each one. Record the amount of time that you think you devote to each of these activities per day or week. Make a Chart Using your list of activities, create a chart with five columns. Keep this chart on hand at all times for five days and keep track of all the time you spend on each activity. This will be tough sometimes since you probably spend a lot of time going rapidly from one activity to the other or doing two at once. For example, you may watch TV and eat at the same time. Just record the activity as one or the other. This is an exercise, not a punishment or a science project. Dont pressure yourself! Evaluate Once you have tracked your time for a week or so, take a look at your chart. How do your actual times compare with your estimates? If you are like most people, you may be shocked to see how much time you spend doing things that are unproductive. Does homework time come in last place? If so, youre normal. In fact, there are many things that ​should take more time than homework, like family time. But surely there are some problem areas that you can identify as well. Are you spending four hours a night watching TV or playing video games? You certainly deserve your leisure time. But to have a healthy, productive life, you should have a good balance among family time, homework time, and leisure time. Set New Goals When tracking your time, you may find that you spend some time on things you just cant classify. Whether were sitting on the bus staring out the window, waiting in line for a ticket, or sitting at the kitchen table gazing off in the distance, we all spend time doing, well- nothing. Look over your activity chart and determine areas you could target for improvement. Then, start the process over again with a new list. Make new time estimates for each task or activity. Set goals for yourself, allowing more time for homework and less time on one of your weaknesses, like TV or games. You will soon see that the mere act of thinking about how you spend your time will bring about a change in your habits. Suggestions for Success Dont work alone. Some of us need support to stick to something. A little competition with a friend always makes things more interesting. Work with a friend, compare notes, lists, and charts. Make a game of it!Include your parent. Get your mom or dad involved and have them keep track of the time they waste. Now that might be interesting!Negotiate a reward system. Whether you work with a friend or a parent, work out a system for rewarding yourself for progress. If working with a friend, you could agree to provide lunch or dinner for the time-saving winner each week.If working with a parent, you could negotiate an extended curfew for every increased minute devoted toward homework. Perhaps you could even substitute dollars for minutes. The possibilities are endless!Have a party for reaching a goal. Even if youre working on your own, you could promise yourself a party as a reward for reaching a specific goal.Make it a class project. This would be a great project for an entire class. The t eacher or group leader could keep track of progress with a flow chart. When the class reaches a goal as a group- its party time!

Worksheet Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Worksheet - Article Example (5 pts) If the journal is independent, simply type â€Å"independent†. 7. Review the â€Å"About us† and the â€Å"Mission Statement† (statement of purpose) of the journal publication mentioned in question 4. If you located a scholarly society (per question 6), also review their mission and membership. Then, provide three reasons based on this review as to how you deem the information published or presented by the journal to be scientifically valid, accurate, and reliable. (10 pts) 8. Now that you have established that the information in your article is scientifically reliable (meaning that you can trust that it provides safe, useful health information for you) return to your URL (question 2) and read your article again for content. Type a 200-word summary of the content of your article without plagiarizing or quoting the article. Write solely in your own words. (12 pts) Research has shown that the ‘rotten egg’ gas known as hydrogen sulfide, also known as H2S, has been detected in the fluid of knee joints. The study compared amounts of hydrogen sulfide in those with two types of arthritis against subjects without arthritis. It was found that subjects with rheumatoid arthritis have significantly higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in their knee joints than subjects without rheumatoid arthritis. The research has opened the possibility that hydrogen sulfide could be used as a medication for those with inflammatory diseases. Further research is being conducted to figure out how to deliver safe levels of hydrogen sulfide to patients. Because anti-inflammatory drugs have many negative side-effects, delivery of hydrogen sulfide to those with inflammatory diseases would be a more natural option because hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally in the body. Rheumatoid Arthritis, or RA, is the most significant inflammatory disease. Thousands are diagnosed with RA each year and many people

Do we have a fair taxation system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Do we have a fair taxation system - Essay Example Nevertheless, the main system used in most nations is the progressive tax which emphasizes on paying as one earns (Christia, 2006). Each system of taxation is fair and unfair in its own way. Progressive, regressive, and lump-sum taxation systems are unfair while proportional taxation system is very fair when applied in obtaining revenue. Progressive tax system is where the effective tax rate increases as the amount affected by the rate increases. In most cases progressive tax system is known as the PAYE (Pay as you earn). This means that the more a person earns the more tax he or she pays (Hatzipanayotou, 2004). With progressive tax system those who work hard to earn more are likely to be charged more in terms of tax and this is unfair. Progressive tax rate encourages laziness and discourages hard work. On a different perspective regressive tax system is the opposite of progressive. In this regards with decreases effective rate the amount affected increases on the other hand (Christia, 2006). This is also an unfair system of taxation as those who have will pay less as compared to the poor. In addition, this means that the more a person earns the less he or she pays in form of tax and the less a person earns the more he or she pays in form of tax (Freedman & Chamberlain, 2007). Lump-sum tax system on the other hand d oes not give priority on the efforts placed by individuals in developing their nations. Therefore, these three systems of taxation are unfair. Proportional taxation system emphasizes on the effort placed by individual citizens in trying to build their countries. In this taxation system, the effective tax rate is fixed irrespective of the amount being taxed (Slemrod, 2000). Therefore, the more a person earns the more he or she takes home with the tax rate being the same. Schmidt (2000) points out that when one is lazy hence